Understanding the Different Types of Bipolar Disorder

The symptoms of bipolar disorder are difficult to recognize, both in yourself and your loved ones. You can better recognize and understand these behaviors once you’ve discerned what kind of bipolar disorder is causing them.

But the differences can be subtle, and you need a professional to make a proper diagnosis.

As a board-certified psychiatrist, Dr. Ifeanyi Olele of Genesis Psychiatric Solutions identifies and treats a broad range of disorders, including the variations of bipolar disorder.

Symptoms of bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder involves mood cycles that alternate between manic and depressive, hence its former name: manic depression.

During a manic or hypomanic state, you might experience:

Euphoria
Exaggerated sense of self
Upbeat, energetic behavior
Racing thoughts and unusual talkativeness
Impulsive decisions, including sexual flings and shopping sprees
Decreased sleep or insomnia
Irritability and anger

A major depressive episode is more lethargic, with the following symptoms:

Feeling sad, hopeless, or empty
Sleeping too little or too much
Fatigue and slowed behavior
Lack of enjoyment in activities
Weight loss or weight gain
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Suicidal thoughts or plans to commit suicide

Types of bipolar disorder

Generally, bipolar disorder can be split into three types.

Bipolar I

Bipolar I is considered the most severe type of the disorder, with intense episodes of mania and depression that can last for weeks or months.

During a manic episode, you might feel out of control and unable to switch yourself off, leading to poor decision-making and severe strain on your friendships, relationships, and career.

This is followed by a severe depressive state during which you might feel unable to get out of bed or continue living.

Bipolar II and cyclothymic disorder

Bipolar II is a separate diagnosis from bipolar I, despite the similarities. The main difference is that while the manic episodes are milder (hypomanic), the depressive episodes tend to be more severe. You might feel relatively normal between episodes, but your cycle is relatively unpredictable.

Cyclothymic disorder causes milder symptoms, but your cycles are more frequent and regular.

Getting proper diagnosis and treatment

Because bipolar disorder occurs in cycles, tracking those cycles is key to a definitive diagnosis. That’s why you should consult with a psychiatrist and keep track of your mental health. If you let yourself get caught in the mood swings, it can be difficult to reach out for help.

Treatment for bipolar disorder usually involves a bit of trial and error. Everyone responds to drugs differently, but Dr. Olele can help find medications that work for you. This might include one or more of the following:

Mood stabilizers
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Antipsychotics
Anti-anxiety medications

But medication shouldn’t be the only thing on your treatment plan. Psychotherapy can help you understand and manage your symptoms, while cognitive behavioral therapy can introduce you to coping methods and strategies that can improve your life and relationships.

Do you want to learn more about bipolar disorder? Schedule a consultation at Genesis Psychiatric Solutions by calling the location closest to you, or request an appointment online. We have offices in Fairfax and Alexandria, Virginia, and Washington, DC.